-the rear sweep used in old boxing
14) Old-boxing cross-buttock (Bear+Nemer+Seduction1)
-this is not a hip throw! as the opponent is not facing into the throw; but is falling back first.
Rear sweeps are popular kind of throws, used in all wrestling arts, including capoeiragem/Batuque, judo, wrestling etc. Their distinguishing feature is that the back of your leg is against the back of opponent's leg(s); and you throw him on the ground over your leg, back first.
I decided to analyse all types of rear sweeps I know; from the viewpoint of mechanics/animal archetypes; because as with kicks(front, side, round), there is a great confusion about them in modern martial arts.
The most people seem to distinguish about them is whether you step behind the opponent with your leg or sweep; but to really differentiate between all the throws, you need animal archetype theory.
Note: I am not sure how many people will study this article earnestly; therefore, it does not make much sense to draw pictures for it. If you are interested in pictures for some of the special throws, let me know and I might add it.
1) Banda de costas (Eagle)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfXmM9kYFMo
-classic old capoeiragem version, done in Batuque, Bahian Physical-game capoeira, Mestre Bimba's Nemer system and Carioca - with different entries.
-you step behind him and push his chest with your palm for takedown (there is actually a non-nerve-disruption trick involved that arches him)
-can be done with RubberLegs for more power
-this is the only real Banda de costas of capoeiragem
2) Recife Banda de costas (Eagle+Angel feet)
- Recife-specific version of Banda de costas; where you pinch his leg to your leg with your hand so he falls sideways.
3) Rear Lifting banda (Eagle+Seduction1)
-like frontal Eagle lifting banda
(see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SKzOm6lr3p8)
but done from opponent's rear with a rear sweep
-the highest-lifting rear throw. Used in Batuque. Can be done with RubberLegs
4) Rear Raspa (Rooster)
-the simplest rear sweep; done in Batuque; can be done with RubberLegs
https://youtu.be/rfAt2_T_DXI?t=26
-it is done without the hand push, just using the leg sweep!
-but somebody in modern capoeira 'improved' it by adding hand push to his chest and calls it 'banda de costas'
-in reality, this breaks your own force; so do not use your hands in this throw
-neither call it 'banda de costas'; as this is not banda de costas (see above)
5) Traditional O-soto-gari/Outside reaping (Snake)
https://youtu.be/KeIPk8O58zs?t=74
-the traditional judo version of O-soto-gari
-you unbalance the opponent and reap his leg with Snake
-problematic, see below
6) Modern O-soto-gari/Outside blocking (Peacock)
https://youtu.be/m_H9xeLq2A0?t=105
-modern sparring judo version of O-soto-gari
-you step behind the opponent and hang on him to take him down with Peacock
-you do not reap his leg (as in Snake O-soto-gari), but block it and push him over the block
-note that again, judo trains one form (Snake); but then use another form in sparring (Peacock); and does not find it funny
-judokas seem to think the old version (Snake) does not work; if anybody is interested, I analyse the probable reason below
7) O-soto-otoshi/Outside stepping-down (Snake+Seduction1)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DsVvDw7b8g
- judo; like O-soto-gari, but step down with your leg instead of sweeping up
BTW: If you want to use the classic martial arts trick - twisting opponent's arm externally and locking his shoulder to arch him backward into rear-sweep takedown - always use this mechanics (Snake+Seduction1) - stepping down.
All other rear throws (sweeping, hooking etc) break the lock on his shoulder for a second; so he can escape if he is good.
8) O-soto-gake/Outside hooking (Dragon)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRXEx8SZTM8
- judo; hook his leg and pull him down to the ground with you
9) O-soto-guruma/Outside rolling (Cheetah+Seduction1)
https://youtu.be/CdjR9VyQaL0?t=4
- rarely seen version of rear sweep
- used in judo (but also have seen it used in shuai jiao)
- you lift the opponent on your leg and then roll him around his spine so he falls off your leg to the side
10) O-soto-makikomi/Outside spinning(Peacock+Nemer)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGDv2oMwmas
-judo; hang on his leg and spin to the ground to take him down
-like o-soto-gari combined with overhooking his arm
11) Wrestling back-trip (Bear)
https://youtu.be/wBG0teOxqZ4?t=80
-wrestling (sambo etc) version of rear sweep
-you can fall on the opponent afterwards; but it is not part of the throw
12) Wrestling falling back-trip (Bear+Child)
https://youtu.be/zrUYRPcWJOk?t=205
-like above, but using overhook to fall down with the opponent
13) Old-boxing back-heel (Bear+Nemer)
-the rear sweep used in old boxing
14) Old-boxing cross-buttock (Bear+Nemer+Seduction1)
-this is not a hip throw! as the opponent is not facing into the throw; but is falling back first.
It is a back sweep with your buttock - hence cross-buttock.
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Note that judo, old boxing and wrestling each use different kinds of rear sweep.
That is not an accident; it is because each of the art uses a different on-guard stance; and so different rear sweeps flow from it.
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15) Low rear sweep (Tiger+Mantis legs, Dog+Mantis legs, Mantis+Mantis legs, Eagle+Mantis legs)
This technique is mostly known from games and kung-fu movies:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9DEsdLNzKs
But curiously, it works (against a standing opponent) if you do it properly; ie it is a real combat technique done properly!
However, I have never seen anybody do the Low rear sweep properly; if they do demonstrate it, it is just for show.
At best, they do it just using Tiger;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvhimhGiym8
but for the low sweep to work as takedown, it must be done using Mantis legs!
If you do the throw properly, using Tiger+Mantis legs, it will take standing opponent down very hard, without unbalancing him with your hands, just by sweeping one(sic) of his legs!
In kungfu, this sweep can be extended with different hand techniques; so it breaks opponent's neck, back or seals his breathing as he gets taken down.
-
BTW: This is complete bullshit (Bear):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Rd3EGFg6Gg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYFl8iPauKY
And only works if the opponent would get taken down by a sudden breeze.
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16) Lion reaping(Lion+Lion legs)
- this is Lion version of O-soto-gari
- from 'Lion cub plays with the ball' kungfu form
-overhook his arm and backfist his face to arch him; then sweep his leg
-dislocates opponent's hip and takes him down hard on the back of his skull.
17) Lion stepping-down(Lion+Seduction1+Lion legs)
- this is Lion version of O-soto-otoshi
- from 'Lion cub plays with the ball' kungfu form
- overhook his arm and push his chin after hopping behind him with your leg
- dislocates opponent's hips and damages his lungs as he falls
18) Lion rolling (Lion+Child+Lion legs)
-this is Lion version of O-soto-guruma
-lift the opponent on your leg; and then roll his upper body violently off the leg around his spine
-in this version, however, his legs stay on your leg; so the throw breaks his pelvis off his spine
Historical note: I have reasons to believe the the three 'Lion cub' techniques were originally a part of Xiang-pu; a Chinese wrestling system of the first millenium that later in Tang dynasty(200-900) got imported to Japan, where it became Sumo and flourished (while it went mostly extinct in China).
19) Tim Cartmell's stepping-down/Head-tilting stepping throw (Horse+Seduction1)
-a rear sweep-type throw from Tim Cartmell's book 'Effortless combat throws'. I only add it for completeness sake.
-step behind the opponent and tilt his chin with your elbow crook to take him down "effortlessly" (in reality, by creating a nerve disruption; but Cartmell does not seem to understand that)
Update: I found out this throw is used in Shuai-jiao too:
https://youtu.be/zj6rYsrepDw?t=670
b) The same throw, but done from outside of his arm; creates a nerve disruption, but requires you to fall with him. Horse+Seduction1+Nemer.
https://youtu.be/1j9GyuKUD2o?t=363
20) Shoehorn rear sweep/rear Calcadeira (Leopard)
From old judo (Sakujiro Yokoyama,1915).
This is not 'old, obsolete version of O-soto-gari'; it is a different type of rear sweep altogether, used in old judo.
The archetype guides you:
Using Leopard archetype, standing to opponent's right side, lift your right leg to your left; and then swing/slide it into the rear of opponent's left ankle, like a shoehorn.
This creates a nerve disruption, so you can easily push him over with your arms.
Note that this is like a rear version of Carioca Calcadeira.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UaDrIV4Ml8
Unlike all other rear sweeps, where you unbalance the opponent with your arms first, then sweep his leg with your leg; here, you first use your leg to nerve disrupt him; then push him over with your hands.
This is a higher-level throw, as it uses nerve disruption to work. Modern judoka mock it because they do not understand it (they probably also think that nerve disruption is something 'supernatural').
21) Cruzilha (Cheetah)
https://youtu.be/Dmc4xeILz9A?t=325
https://youtu.be/KMkA2t_1N2g?t=8
This is one of Mestre Bimba's/Nemer system baloes - step behind the opponent and flip him around your hip by embracing his chest with your arm; so he lands on his feet.
This is different from others, as it is a balao(ie opponent lands on his feet); but it uses rear sweeping mechanics so it belongs here.
22) Low outer hooking throw (Bear+Nemer)
Hook your right leg behind opponent's right leg and kneel on your right knee; while pulling the opponent on his back with your arms.
This technique comes from Kuai jiao.
23) Brain-screw O-soto-gari (Snake+Seduction1->Snake)
Probably the original form of O-soto-gari that uses Snake cloak skill to contactlessly setup the opponent (with the eponymous "brain-screw") for the leg reap.
See the article below for description.
This is probably highest form of outside rear sweep.
Sweeps that take opponent's leg from the inside are not that pictoresque; still, for completeness sake, I will reference them here:
1) O-uchi-gari/Inside reaping(Snake+Child)
Internal version of classic O-soto-gari; sweep opponent's left leg from the inside with your right leg.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0itJFhV9pDQ
For best effect, seize opponent's other (right) leg under your left arm before the sweep. This one is from Kuai-jiao.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/yJz3HxV-b8w?t=27
2) Inside blocking(Peacock+Child)
Internal version of modern O-soto-gari; block opponent's left leg from the inside with your right leg and push him over with your right shoulder.
For best effect, seize opponent's other (right) leg under your left arm before the block. This one is from Kuai-jiao.
And Shuai-jiao:
https://youtu.be/iry_BkG2SZw?t=398
3) O-uchi-gake/Inside hooking(Dragon+Child+Nemer)
Hook opponent's left leg from the inside with your right leg and fall with him.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8AGpDyBulA
Here, DO NOT seize his other leg; as you would be going against your own mechanics. If you have his leg seized, use other rear internal sweep technique.
4) Inside stepping-down/"O-uchi-otoshi"(Snake+Seduction1+Child)
Internal version of O-soto-otoshi(O-uchi-otoshi?); step behind opponent's left leg from the inside with your right leg.
For best effect, seize opponent's other (right) leg under your left arm before the step.
5) Inside rolling/"O-uchi-guruma"(Cheetah+Seduction1+Child)
Internal version of O-soto-guruma(O-uchi-guruma?); lift opponent's left leg from the inside on your right leg , then roll him off your leg around his spine.
His other leg will bend at knee, so there is no problem with it getting in the way of the throw.
Note: The previous two throws are not done in judo as far as I know; but they very well could be as they are logical internal versions of O-soto-otoshi and O-soto-guruma.
6) Lion cub inside shuffling/pulling (Lion+Lion legs)
Seize opponent's right leg, backfist(well, back-claw) his eye and shuffle your legs to pull/take him down, dislocating his hip and fracturing his skull.
See the note above
7) Low inner hooking throw (Bear)
Wrap your right leg from the inside of opponent's left leg and kneel on it;then pin his ankle with your right hand and push his chest with left hand to take him down.
https://youtu.be/zj6rYsrepDw?t=470
From Shuai jiao/Kuai jiao.
https://youtu.be/iry_BkG2SZw?t=542
8) "Body control: Sink" inside throw (Tiger+Dom Horse legs)
Step in front (!!!) of opponent's left leg with your right leg; while using Body control: Sink skill; taking the opponent down neurally by bending his left leg.
This is probably the highest form of inside rear sweep.
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If I missed any type of rear sweep, let me know!
As usually, this reference allows you to distinguish between various types of rear sweeps discretely - it is not 'a bit of this, bit of that' or 'a bit like ogoshi'; ie it is either this, or that.
Also, it allows you to check you are doing the throw properly - if you keep the archetype during the whole movement.
Additionally, it showcases how many different rear sweeps there really are.
Finally, you might learn some new throws; some of them are not generally known, as far as I know.
O-soto-gari is a problematic throw.
As noted, there is the 'traditional' form of it that is taught in judo - using Snake mechanics. In this form, you arch the opponent backward, step deep behind him and reap/sweep his leg upward.
https://youtu.be/KeIPk8O58zs?t=74
However, as judokas freely admit, this version is almost impossible to apply in sparring.
So instead, in sparring, they use a completely different throw - done using Peacock mechanics. In this form, you hang onto opponent's leg and push him down over your leg - I call the action 'blocking', as opposite to 'reaping'.
https://youtu.be/m_H9xeLq2A0?t=105
This video articulates the dilemma quite succintly:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_H9xeLq2A0
And this article discusses it in detail:
https://www.bestjudo.com/article/0822/classical-osotogari-doesnt-work
(But the author lacks animal archetype theory, so he has to resort to 'more this and less that' type of comparison)
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Now most people seem not to mind this at all. They seem to be used to being taught (and themselves teaching!) one thing; which is so useless they have to use completely other thing in reality.
That is how the world works according to them - not really a world, but a madhouse.
(And of course, then there are the 'different strokes for different folks' people who are unable to think logically at all - because if everything is different, the everything is the same and you cannot use your brain to understand it).
However, I do mind. Either the Snake O-soto-gari always had been simply useless - and then it should not be taught at all.
Or, Snake O-soto-gari was a good technique originally - and then something is missing from the picture.
The missing entry
What is that something, though?
Animal archetype theory to the rescue! If we analyse the Snake O-soto-gari as done now, we will find out a curious thing: The actual sweep is done using Snake, as noted; but the unbalancing movement (kuzushi) is done using Peacock! (Probably not accidentally the same mechanics as the 'modern' O-soto-gari).
This creates a break in the movement - you unbalance with Peacock, but finish with Snake.
It is very probable that in the original form, O-soto-gari was done using Snake mechanics both for unbalancing and for finish!
And using animal archetype theory, it is possible to find that missing Snake entry to O-soto-gari.
Brain-screw O-soto-gari
So here is how you do the proper, original, all-Snake O-soto-gari:
Equip Snake+Seduction1 mechanics. Seize opponent's right upperarm (gently, as if rubbing it downward) with your left palm; as you snake your right palm into front of his face; palm up, spread fingers pointing forward (towards opponent's eyes). Then rotate your palm horizontally rightward so your fingers point towards you; still palm up in front of opponent's eyes.
This maneuver uses 'Snake cloak' skill(Snake+Seduction1); making the opponent misjudge the distance as usually.
However, here, it gets a lot more devious; because in this entry, he misjudges the distance of your rotating palm; and it will feel to him as if the palm rotates inside his brain (instead of in front of his face).
This is so unpleasant it will make him tense up in desperation; freezing him and loading all his weight onto one leg.
Which you then sweep using the O-soto-gari Snake reap, which he will probably not be able to evade.
As you see, the key to proper O-soto-gari is the entry; a contactless, high-level setup that makes the opponent feel your palm is screwing inside his brain; that sets the Snake reap perfectly.
The genesis of O-soto-gari
We can now guess what happened to O-soto-gari:
Originally, in the old jujutsu, it was probably done using Snake mechanics completely, entry and finish, as I describe above("Original O-soto-gari/Brain-screw O-soto-gari").
Then Kano adapted it to judo; but wanted to 'judify' the entry; so he used Peacock entry to Snake sweep/finish("Traditional O-soto-gari").
But this was gradually discovered not to work in sparring; so people converted the whole technique to Peacock("Modern O-soto-gari").
Original O-soto-gari used a high-level (contactless) Snake entry that made it almost impossible to escape.
However, Kano either did not understand the entry; or found it too 'hardcore' for his judo(and would you blame him?); so he added a purely physical (Peacock) judo entry to the original Snake finish.
However, this hybrid did not work all that good; so modern judoka threw the original Snake finish and do the whole thing using purely physical Peacock.
Conclusion
However, the story has a happy ending; as thanks to judokas nonsensically keeping the nonworking Snake O-soto-gari, we can now learn the original Brain-screw O-soto-gari!
However, even if it works, I do not dream of it actually being used widely. Most probably, 100 years from now on, judokas will still teach the useless Snake O-soto-gari as 'traditional technique'; while using Peacock O-soto-gari in sparring; while not finding anything odd about it.
However, you can try it out to find out if the entry works for you; and if you personally have success with this technique, I would be thankful if you let me know.
And please do not forget to tell other people where you learned it from; so they can learn too.
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